Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of its mechanical, chemical and physical properties. Metallic materials are comparatively ductile and easy to process. Fibre reinforced plastics are very stiff ...

By sheet metal forming processes the forming limits and part characteristics are defined through the process specific loads. In deep drawing processes the maximum deep draw ratios as well as the springback behaviour of the ...

The increased use of high and ultra-high strength steel and materials with a high adhesion tendency leads to higher demands regarding the wear resistance of forming tools. A promising approach addressing both challenges ...